PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.